INTRODUCTION TO THEORY DEVELOPMENT
이론개발은 이론화의 매우 정교하고 복잡한 수준으로, 이론가는 개념, 진술, 연관성과 동시에 정의를 다루어야 한다. 이론개발은 간호학에서 매우 필요하며 특히 메타 패러다임 개념과 실무 사이의 간격을 이어주는 중범위이론(middle-range theory)의 개발이 요구된다. 다음 세
the study have practical or theoretical value?
Is the problem important enough to bother with?
What is the real purpose of the study?
Can the results of the study be generalized?
External validity (or representativeness)
Is it valid only for the sample tested?
What costs of time are involved in the analysis?
Before beginning a study
All materials, equipment and other facilities
Program need be documented.
It needs to be assured that the program
is targeted appropriately,
is reaching the target population, and
is improving the need
1. Establish agreement on the uses and purposes of the evaluation.
2. Secure organizational commitment to evaluation and make research basic to the program.
3. Develop consensus on evaluation research with the department.
4. Write
제 1 장 인과관계 추론과 집단설계
☞ 과학적 연구조사에서 인과관계를 결정하는 세 가지 기준이 있다.
①. 독립(원인)변수와 종속(효과)변수는 경험적으로 서로 상관관계(공변관계)를 갖고 있어야 한다.
②. 독립변수는 시간상으로 종속변수보다 선행하여 발생해야 한다.
③. 두 변수간의 관측된
6. 다면적 평가
강사, 동료, 본인이 몇차례에 걸쳐서 보느냐에 따라서 평가의 신뢰도 변화. 일반화가능의 신뢰도가 0.80 이상일 것. 여러 사람이, 여러차례, 여러 가지 각도에서 평가할수록 신뢰도가 높아짐. (어떤 경우 얼마나 신뢰도가 나올지를 검토하는 generalizability theory 사용가능)
◈ 일반화가능
generalizability of theories and fidings, it also forces us to test our interpreatations against cross-cultural differences and inconsistencies.
The first known formal definition of culture?
complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom,
and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of society-Edward Tylor
The first major compa
Generalizability across types of data
- Generalizability across cultures and languages(=universability)
- Genetic or other causal basis
- A theory
어휘접근의 기초
Social importance
어휘는 의미를 표상한다. + 어휘가 구별된다 = 실제로도 중요하다.
- 어휘를 변수로 사용하면, 그것으로 표현된 attribute는 요인이 된다.
어휘의 빈도수가 높을수
generalizability of the Experiment
1 findings by varying the degree of artful deviation in the meta-
phoric claims. The results across both experiments suggest that
when metaphoric claims highlight an approach to a desired out -
come (i.e. promotion focus), the persuasiveness of metaphors in
ads is enhanced, while when the avoidance of an undesired out -
come (i.e. prevention focus) is emphasized
Extending Culturally Symbolic Brands:
A Blessing or a Curse?
Abstract
THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
STUDY 1、2、3、4
GENERAL DISCUSSION
4
1
2
3
Contents
Abstract
Results from four studies uncover a relatively automatic cultural congruency mechanism that can influence evaluations of culturally charged brand extensions, overriding the impact of perceived fit on extension evaluations.
Culturally co
Ⅰ. 실행연구(액션리서치)의 개념
Kemmis & McTaggart(1982, p. 5)는 Action Research의 개념을 다음과 같이 나타내고 있다.
The linking of the terms `action` and `research` highlights the essential features of the method: trying out ideas in practice as a means of improvement and as a means of increasing knowledge about the curriculum, teaching and learning. The result i